Fable Stage >> More
In this initial Fable stage students look at a single story or idea and begin learning how to use words to engage the imagination of the audience. They master the structures of thought or ideas that go into a narrative and learn to create recognition by using figures of description. Students learn to restructure [...]
Narrative Stage >> More
In the Narrative stage students continue to build invention skills as well as the ability to engage the imagination of an audience. They master the structures of thought that originate narratives and learn to create recognition by using figures of description. They develop the ability to communicate the same idea using a variety of words, [...]
Chreia/Maxim >> More
Students gain the ability to create a story through the use of the narrative categories and variation through paraphrase. Students learn to demonstrate the truth of the Common Place through what Aphthonius calls eight heads of development and they deal more explicitly and thoroughly with what in modern composition theory are referred to as “Support [...]
Refutation/Confirmation Stage >> More
These two sets of exercises, Refutation and Confirmation, would correspond to an argumentative essay in modern composition theory. The students are learning how to structure their thought and, thus, their communication process when given the task of arguing for or against an idea, thought, chain of events, method or story. The categories of development or [...]
Common Topic Stage >> More
This set of exercises, Common Topic, is more difficult to categorize by modern composition theory but would likely fall under the descriptive essay. The students are learning how to amplify evil attributes. They will use all of the previous skills learned in the exercises—narrative, expository and argumentative but must now apply those skills in a [...]
Encomium/Invective/Comparison Stages >> More
These three stages continue to train the students in their ability to utilize and integrate heads of development or enthymemes and examples, that is, the general and the particular in communicating ideas as well as continuing to train them in the use of heads of purpose or modes of argument. Key Benefits Interesting topics for [...]
Characterization Stage >> More
This stage is primarily concerned with the skills of style although students continue to practice the skills of Invention and Arrangement. This exercise further develops the students’ skills of sequencing and is told as a soliloquy—further honing their narrative ability. This particular style is achieved through continued mastery of paraphrase and confining students to an [...]
Description Stage >> More
As with the previous stage Description is primarily concerned with the development of particular styles as the students bring the subject of the exercise vividly into the reader’s imagination. In description a fast paced, free, relaxed style is developed with the inclusion of many figures (of description, speech, and thought). Key Benefits Diverse and engaging [...]
Thesis and Law Stages >> More
The Thesis and Law stages of the exercises serve as capstones to the five plus years our students have been learning to write through the Progymnasmata. These exercises hone reasoning skills through the introduction of counter point and resolution providing the students with a plethora of opportunities to create arguments (Invention) using the heads of [...]

